Microbiology Final Exam Review S

Microbiology Final Exam Review Sheet Mrs. Moss

Topics to know!

Chapter 1- Intro to Microbiology

How to name and classify microorganisms.
What are the major types of microorganisms?
Names of the significant players in microbiology history
Spontaneous generation debate
The Golden Age of Microbiology info-
- Fermentation and pasteurization
- The Germ theory of disease
- Vaccinations
- Modern Chemotherapy
Modern developments in micro- pp 13-17
How are microbes beneficial?
How are microbes detrimental to us?

Chapter 14- Epidemiology

Pathology, infection and disease- how are they related?
What is a normal microbiota?
What is microbial antagonism?
Types of symbiotic relationships
Koch’s postulates
3 types of reservoirs
Modes of disease transmission- fomites, carriers, portals of entry, portals of exit
Nonsocomial infections
Compromised hosts
Endemic vs pandemic vs epidemic
Mortality and morbidity
How do you break the cycle?

Chapter 3- Microscopy and Staining techniques-Most of this is from lab!

Be able to distinguish between the different types of microscopes
Explain the preparation of a smear for staining
What is the difference between Simple stains, Differential stains and special stains?
Explain the endospore and flagella stains
What is negative staining used for?

Chapter 4- Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells

What are the major differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
How do we differentiate bacterial species? Think morphology, chemical composition, nutrition, biochemistry, Energy sources etc….
Explain the size, shape and arrangement of bacterial cells
Identify and explain the major cell structures you would find external to the cell wall
Compare and contrast the cell walls of Gram positive bacteria, gram negative bacteria and archae
What are the functions of the prokaryotic cell membrane? Describe its structure
Define simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis, active transport
What is the function of the nuclear area and inclusions?
What is the function of an endospore?
Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell walls and glycocalyxes
What is the function of the cell membrane?
List the organelles and explain their functions
How did eukaryotes evolve according to the endosymbiotic theory?

Chapter 5 Microbial Metabolism

Define metabolism and describe the differences between anabolism and catabolism
Identify the role of ATP as an intermediate between catabolism and anabolism
Enzymes
- ID components of an enzyme
- List the factors that influence enzymatic activity
- Describe the mechanism of enzymatic action
- Define a ribozyme
Explain the 3 ways to make ATP-
- Substrate level phosphorolation
- Oxidative phosphorolation
- Photophsophorolation
Describe the chemical reactions of Glycolysis
Explain the products of the Krebs cycle
Describe how the ETS works
Compare and contrast aerobic and anaerobic respiration
Describe the chemical reactions of and list some products of fermentation
List and explain the various categories of nutritional patterns according to their carbon sources
- Ex.- phototrophs, chemotrophs etc….

Chapter 6 Microbial Growth

Classify microbes according to the preferred temperature range
ID why and how the pH of media is controlled
Explain the importance of osmotic pressure to microbial growth
Explain how microbes are classified according to their oxygen requirements
Define a colony
How can pure cultures be isolated using the streak plate method?
Define bacterial growth, including binary fission
Compare the phases of microbial growth and describe their relation to generation time
Explain at least 4 methods of measuring cell growth e; plate counts, serial dilutions….
How can you estimate bacterial numbers?

Chapter 7

Chapter 8 Microbial Genetics