Chapter 1 Daily Guide
This page is under constant revision, as sections are added or improved. By visiting this page regularly, you will receive the most current version - I might be working on this page as you are studying it at home!
Be flexible. I may not follow the exact order of topics from Monday to Friday, as listed below.
Suggestions to read specified sections in the text assume you will also solve the "Self-Test" problems in those sections.
The problems listed below are found in the text at the end of Chapter 1, beginning on page 42.
Green type indicates very recent additions of text to paragraphs that might have been written moments ago.
"Under Construction......." signifies that any information below that point has not yet been revised for this school term.
Thurs.(9-4-03) to Fri.(9-5-03):
A copy of "Elements Names/Symbols Worksheet" has been given to you in class – Use a copy of the Periodic Table to write the correctly spelled name for each element. The section on Latin names can be completed, by clicking on the link above or by referring to A18-A29 in the text. Prepare flash cards to assist your memory of the listed elements and their symbols. Don't forget to practice your five extra credit elements (elements not found on the worksheet as required to know). Test yourself by printing a copy of Elements Symbols/Names Test Review.
A copy of "Elements/Compounds/Mixtures Review" has been given to you. Use information provided by me in class, Chapter 1 in your chemistry text, and the information sheet "Elements, Compounds, Mixtures Definitions" to complete it.
A test will be scheduled, which will cover the contents of the worksheets and reviews mentioned above. Check the Due Dates table on the Chem I Home Page. Click on "Elements Names/Symbols Worksheet + Elements/Compounds/Mixtures Review"
Click on Element Quiz for a very nice online interactive practice of elements names and symbols.
The answers to odd-numbered problems are found at the end of the text, beginning on page A-9. Most odd problems are followed by a similar even numbered problem. I have typed similar even- numbered problems in parentheses. Even-numbered problems do not have their answers listed, but you may get them from me.
In the text, page 62, problem 1.7 (1.8), provides the element's name, you write the symbol. Problem 1.9 (1.10) gives you element name-symbol combinations, where you must identify which pair has an error. Problems 1.17 (1.18), 1.19 (1.20), 1.21 (1.22) provide either an element's name or symbol, where you must supply the symbol or name.
Mon.(9-8-03) to Fri.(9-12-03):
A copy of your first lab, "The Physical and Chemical Nature of Compounds and Mixtures", will be handed to you. At this time you will be introduced to your role as laboratory student. Click on "Overview of Laboratory Expectations", and read it.
You will be asked to stand at a lab station, where you will be paired with another student who will be your partner for this lab. I will discuss lab safety and the appropriate use of lab equipment. We will also review the lab procedure for each day.
Each class period you will proceed toward the completion of sections A through D in the lab workpack. During the lab, you will learn to recognize identifying characteristics of various elements (i.e., Cu, Mg, I2, Fe, Zn, Al, S, C) and compounds (i.e., CuO, MgO, FeS). You will be able to differentiate between metal and nonmetal elements. You are responsible for completing the worksheets given to you earlier, which is part of your regular "homework".
I will take one period to explain the proper writing and interpretation of a chemical equation. You will be shown how to differentiate between the following: atom vs. molecule; element vs. compound; reactant vs. product. You will learn how neutral atoms become ions (Cu0 vs. Cu+2).
(The Conclusion section of the lab will not be completed at this time. We will resume the lab once we review the contents of the first two handouts "Elements Names/Symbols Worksheet" and "Elements/Compounds/Mixtures Review", and you complete that test.
Remember, this test has yet to be scheduled, and will cover the contents of the first two worksheets mentioned above. Check the Due Dates table on the Chem I Home Page. Click on "Elements Names/Symbols Worksheet + Elements/Compounds/Mixtures Review" for a comprehensive list of items you will be expected to know. This test is NOT the test on the LAB packet.
Read these sections in the text:
1.1 Atoms - Know the origin and the definition of atom, and the definition of element.
1.2 Names of the Elements
1.6 Periodic Table -
(a) Differentiate between the terms Groups and Periods.
(b) Recognize the location of elements belonging to the alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, transition metals, halogens, noble gases, lanthanides, and actinides. Provide a one-sentence description for each region.
1.7 Metals, Nonmetals, Metalloids - Differentiate and know the general position of each on the Periodic Table. I will show you where to place the "zig-zag" line on your periodic table, distinguishing metal elements and non-metal elements.
1.12 Chemical and Physical Properties - Differentiate between a substance's physical properties and chemical properties.
1.13 Types of Mixtures - Differentiate between heterogeneous mixtures and homogeneous mixtures.
Also complete problems # 25, 26, 35, 36, 37, 38 .
Mon.(9-15-03) to Fri.(9-19-03):
We will begin Part D of the lab. Each table will be required to weigh out samples of iron powder and sulfur powder, then write complete the statements pertaining to each element. By the end of the period, each group should have a test tube containing the iron and sulfur mixture.
On Tuesday, each group will heat their iron and sulfur mixture under the hood, then study the resulting product. Complete the statements on the lab packet. We will also return to Part C, where each group will dissolve an iodine crystal in alcohol to produce "tincture of iodine". Complete the associated statements. We will review Part A, B, C, and D so all parts are now complete and accurate.
By Wednesday, we should review "Elements Names/Symbols Worksheet" and "Elements/Compounds/Mixtures Review" in preparation for the first test on those handouts. This test should be scheduled for Tuesday, Sept. 23.
We will return to the lab to complete the "Conclusion" section. Bring your calculators, because math problems are going to be introduced. A test on the lab will be scheduled sometime next week, following the first test described above.
When you are asked to begin preparing for the "Physical and Chemical Nature of Compounds and Mixtures" Lab test, click on the Test Review for a study guide.
Mon.(9-22-03) to Fri.(9-26-03):
Monday we will review all last-minute concepts.
Tuesday - Elements Names/Symbols Test.
The "Related Problems" section of the lab will be introduced, where you will be introduced to the concept of the "mole". I will solve several sample problems on the board, then will ask you to solve the problems listed on that page of the lab.
We will return to the "Conclusions" section of the lab and will complete each problem, stressing how to distinguish between a "physical property" and a 'chemical property".
Mon.(9-29-03) to Fri.(10-03-03):
Monday, you will take a closed book comprehensive test on the material contained in your Physical and Chemical Nature of Elements and Compounds Lab.
A copy of Naming Ions Worksheet and "Formulas, Ionic Charges, and Names for Some Common Ions" will be handed out to you in class. This information is useful when completing the Naming Ions Worksheet.
Notes will be written which describe how ions form from neutral atoms, and how the Periodic Table can be used to predict those ions. A blank copy of the Periodic Table will be handed out, and will be filled in as we describe how electrons are distributed within the various energy levels of each element's atoms. These notes will be followed by the worksheets described below. We will construct "electron-dot" notations for the elements Hydrogen (1) to Potassium (19), which graphically represent the outermost electrons used for bonding one atom to another.
We will discuss the nature of mono-atomic (single-atom) ions in class, showing how to interpret the Periodic Table of elements. I will "dissect" the Periodic Table, to show that the table is constructed according to how electrons are arranged about the atoms of the various elements. I will place a series of atomic diagrams on the overhead, beginning with Hydrogen (At. No. 1) and ending with Potassium (At. No. 19). You will learn how to employ the Atomic Number, Atomic Mass, Group (Family) Number, and Period (row) of an element. You will view how electrons are organized in each atom's electron cloud, allowing you to predict exactly what kind of ion each atom will become.
Metal elements tend to lose electrons to become a cation, while non-metals tend to gain electrons to become an anion.
Complete problem 1.27 (1.28) where you must decide whether an element will become a cation or an anion.
Problems 1.51 (1.52), 1.53 (1.54), 1.55 (1.56), 1.57, (1.58), 1.59 (1.60): provide the name or formula for a selection of mono- and poly-atomic ions.
I will introduce the large family of ions found on the Naming Ions Worksheet known as poly-atomic anions, which are "many"-atom negative ions. We will begin to construct polyatomic cations and anions. Using your knowledge of electron-dot notations for the elements, we will construct the sulfate ion, SO4-2, and the sulfite ion, SO3-2. Remember, anions ending in -ite have one less oxygen then their -ate brother. Compounds with anions containing chlorine (i.e.,ClO4-1, ClO3-1, ClO2-1, ClO-1, Cl-1), and nitrogen (i.e., NO3-1, NO2-1, N-3) will be constructed. We will compare the molecular compound carbon dioxide (CO2) and ionic compounds with the anion carbonate (CO3-2 ), stressing the different rules for naming them. We will devise a method for remembering the oxidation numbers and names for the many ion symbols learned.
A Naming Ions Quiz will be given early next week on recognizing and writing symbols for common ions. The first section will contain about ten symbol, where you must supply the name (e.g., SO4-2 = sulfate); the second section will contain about ten names of ions, where you must write the corresponding symbol (e.g., chlorate = ClO3-1).
Read these sections:
1.10 Ions and Ionic Compounds -
(a) Define cation and anion, and know how each is formed.
(b) Know how an element's Group number is used to determine the charge on monatomic ions.
1.11 Chemical Formulas of Ionic Compounds - Know the meaning of polyatomic ion and formula unit.
1.15 Names of Ions
1.16 Names of Ionic Compounds
1.8 What are Compounds? -
(a) Define compound.
(b) Differentiate between organic compound and inorganic compound.
(c) Compare and contrast a molecule and an ion.
(d) What information is provided by a chemical formula.
Problems 1.61 (1.62), 1.69 (1.70): write formulas when given the names of ionic compounds.
Problems 1.63 (1.64), 1.65 (1.66): write the name for ionic compound formulas.
Mon.(10-13-03) to Fri.(10-17-03):
I will hand out Naming Compounds Worksheet, and will demonstrate how to fill in each section. You must complete this worksheet by next week. Get started now.
We will review how the formula of an ionic compound can be predicted from the information provided by the Periodic Table. You must have a copy of Naming Ions Worksheet; Formulas, Ionic Charges, and Names for Some Common Ions; and Naming Compounds Worksheet.
During the section on naming compounds, we will construct several simple structures (e.g., molecular: H2O, NH3, CH4; and ionic: NaCl, MgO, CaCl2, Na2S). Technical Tutoring provides a short discussion with examples. Caution is advised: this source interprets electron-dot structures differently than you have learned in class.
Illinois State University provides a very good discussion on naming compounds. Begin by reading the section "Elements, Compounds, Mixtures". As you scroll down the page, solve "Practice Problem 1" and "Practice Problem 3". In the left window of this page, click on "Atom vs. Ions", "Naming Compounds, Ions, and Acids, and "Oxidation Numbers".
A quiz on ion recognition will be given this week, on Wednesday. It will consist of a section of anion or cation symbols where you must write the corresponding name (i.e., Na+1 - sodium) and a section of ion names where you must write the corresponding symbol (i.e., sulfate - SO4-2).
Read the following sections in your Text:
1.9 Molecular Compounds and Formulas - Know what a structural formula is, and its advantages and disadvantages.
We will discuss the special rules for naming molecular compounds, which are not composed of ions.
1.17 Names of Molecular Compounds - Read this section. The naming of acids (Table 1.8, p37) will be introduced briefly at this time.
Problem 1.67 (1.68): predict whether an ionic compound or a molecular compound will form when combining two elements.
Problem 1.71 (1.72): write the formula for selected molecular compounds.
Problem 1.73 (1.74): write the name for these molecular compounds, given their formula.
Click on Roanoke Valley Governor's School, for a very good discussion on naming compounds.
Click on Harvard-Westlake School for notes and interactive examples on classifying matter. Read through these notes, clicking on the "next" button at the bottom of each page. Click on the "Examples" button, which gives a list of compound formulas. Write the name of each compound, then click on each formula to reveal the correct response. On the next page, click on the "Examples" button, which gives a list of compound names. Again, click on each to reveal the correct formula. On the next pages, view the models which depict common compounds such as ammonia, methane, hydrogen sulfide, and common acids.
Print a copy of Naming Compounds Quiz 1 Review. Quiz 1 on Naming Compounds will be have this format and will be based on the Naming Compounds Worksheet.
Print a copy of Naming Compounds Quiz 2 Review. Quiz 2 on Naming Compounds will have this format and will also be based on the Naming Compounds Worksheet.
We will complete the Naming Compounds Worksheet and a list of additional compounds. Students will be expected to write formulas from names and names from formulas.
Students will continue to write the formulas of ionic compounds listed on the worksheet. Also, we will complete the Naming Compounds Quiz 1 Review worksheet using a transparency on the overhead projector.
We will complete an additional review written on the board, where students will be asked to write the formulas for given ionic compounds, and write the correct name for given formulas.
The Naming Ionic Compounds Quiz 1 will be scheduled on 10-21-03.
Mon.(10-20-03) to Fri.(10-24-03):
I will place several additional practice problems on the board in preparation for Naming Compounds Quiz 1.
Tuesday you will take Naming Compounds Quiz 1.
Following the quiz, we will discuss the naming of molecular compounds, which do not contain ions, so require a different set of rules. For homework, solve 1.71 and 1.73, on page 45. The answers are in the back of the book and on the "Chapter 1" odd problems answer key handed out in class.
Wednesday, we will review your performance on the quiz, and discuss any errors. We will also continue the discussion on the naming of molecular compounds, and continue board practice for the writing of ionic compounds.
A day of quiz review and additional practice on the board will lead us to the Naming Ionic Compounds Quiz 2, scheduled on Friday, October 24. There is a link to the solutions for the compounds listed on Naming Compounds Quiz 2 Review.
Widener University (Chester, PA) offers an excellent self-test for the review of nomenclature in chemistry. Once on this page, scroll downward to Chapter 3 and click on items "a", "b", then "c".
Mon.(10-27-03) to Fri.(10-31-03):
You will be given the worksheet, "Mole Concept". You will learn mole "patterns" to problem solving. I will model the solving of a selection of sample problems. Following this, students will go to the board to show how problems such as those included in the handout are to be completed.
During the week we will move about within the worksheet, selecting problems to solve.
Mon.(11-03-03) to Fri.(11-07-03):
Monday - Mole Concepts Quiz.
I will give you a copy of "The Atom - Atomic Structure Practice Worksheet". Begin this page once we discuss atomic structure in class. Using the notes you have copied from the board, you will then be able to interpret an element's atomic number, atomic mass, Group number, Period number, and isotopes in a meaningful way. On the back of this worksheet is a copy of Atomic Structure Worksheet, which will be handed in as a "take-home" quiz assignment. The due date will be next Monday. We will continue the atomic structure practice worksheet, allowing you sufficient experience to complete "The Atom - Atomic Structure Worksheet".
Read the following sections as you complete "Chapter I: The Atom Worksheet". This worksheet will be the basis of a chapter 1 test on atomic structure, which will be given next Friday.
1.3 The Nuclear Atom - Know the following:
(a) the location, charge, and relative mass of an atom's three major subatomic particles.
(b) the principal discovery about atomic structure from Rutherford's metal foil experiment.
(c) the definition of atomic number.
Click on Illinois State University for an introduction to a discussion on basic atomic structure. Read only to the end of "Practice Problem 1".
1.4 Isotopes - Define: nucleon, mass number, atomic mass, and isotope.
Click on Visual Entities.com, for an interactive periodic table. When you click on an element, be patient! A table will eventually appear. Click on the various tabs to reveal information you may need to assist topics discussed in class.
Complete problems 1.11 (1.12), 1.13 (1.14), 1.15 (1.16): Determine a neutral atom's number of protons, neutrons, and electron, when given a hyphen notation or nuclear notation for the element
Complete problem 1.31 (1.32): Determine an ion's number of protons, neutrons, and electrons, when given the nuclear notation for the ion. Problem 1.33 (1.34): write the nuclear notation for an element, given the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
We will review the notes written on the board which introduced the following:
(a) the three subatomic particles
(b) an elements atomic mass and atomic number
(c) how some chemical substances are made of "charged" atoms
(d) the "isotopes" of elements
I will continue to write notes on the board, discussing atomic isotopes. You should know how to write and interpret the nuclear symbols for a given element's isotopes. The isotopes of copper and magnesium will be used as models.
We will complete "The Atom - Atomic Structure Practice Worksheet". You must complete The Atom - Atomic Structure Worksheet on your own. The due date for this "take-home quiz" will be Friday, 9-20-02.
Mon.(11-10-03) to Fri.(11-14-03):
You must hand in The Atom-Atomic Structure Worksheet, which counts as a quiz.
Once I hand the worksheet back to you, we will discuss any problems you might still have.
Wednesday, you will be given a closed-book Atomic Structure Quiz (2), which contains five rows taken directly from the Atomic Structure Worksheet.
Each day, I will continue to discuss the contents of "Chapter I: The Atom Worksheet". Upon completion of this material, you will receive a closed-book test, scheduled for Friday.
You will be handed the worksheet, "Average Molar Mass Problems Review", which begins Chapter 2 problem solving. The front side of this worksheet has two completely worked out problems you may use as guides to solve the four problems located on the back side of the sheet. I will discuss the meaning behind the math formula used to determine an element's atomic mass, using information about that element's isotopes.
Mon.(11-17-03) to Fri.(11-21-03):
I will hand back the Atomic Structure test.
We will solve at least one of the problems listed on the "Average Molar Mass Problems Review" worksheet. You must use the tutorial on this worksheet as a guide to practice solving the remaining problems.
I will hand out the long overdue lab, "Separation of Mixtures", where you will be placed in a lab group of three students. This lab will be counted as a test.
Go to Chapter Two Study Guide.